Ω is the symbol for the ohm — the unit of resistance, meaning how much a component opposes the flow of electric current. More ohms = harder for current to flow.

Series Circuits

Resistances add up:

Rtotal=R1+R2+R3+…R_{total} = something 

Meaning: because there’s only one path, the current is forced through every resistor one after another — so the resistances stack up, making it harder overall.

• Current is the same everywhere: I = I1 = I2 = I3
  Meaning: with only one path, the flow can’t split — the same amount of current passes through each component.
• Voltage is shared between components (adds up to the supply voltage)
  Meaning: the battery’s energy gets divided up across the resistors.

Example: Two 4 Ω resistors in series →​4+4=8 Ω (double the path, double the difficulty)

Parallel Circuits

Resistances combine using reciprocals:

1Rtotal=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+…

Meaning: each branch gives the current an extra route, so the overall path gets easier — even though every resistor still has its own resistance.

• Voltage is the same across each branch
  Meaning: each branch connects directly across the battery, so every component gets the full push.
• Current splits between branches: I total​=I1​+I2​+I3​
  Meaning: the total flow entering the circuit divides among the paths, then rejoins.

Example: Two 4 Ω resistors in parallel →Rtotal​1​=4/1​+4/1​=2/1​, so Rtotal = 2 Ω (two equal paths = half the difficulty)

Key Points to Remember

• Parallel resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistor — more paths always makes flow easier

• Series resistance is always more than the largest individual resistor — stacking resistors always makes flow harder

• Ohm’s Law: V= I×R, so I=VRI = I = RV​
  Meaning: the current you get equals the voltage (push) divided by the resistance 
• (push-back) — bigger push or less resistance means more current.

Worked Example

A 12 V battery with two 4 Ω resistors:

• Series: I =12/8 = 1.5A –  the doubled resistance holds the current to 1.5 amps through everything

• Parallel: I =12/2 = 6 A total — the halved resistance lets 6 amps flow, splitting into 3 A through each branch

Ω (ohm) = the unit of resistance — how much a component opposes electric current. In circuits, the ohm is what determines how much current the battery can push through. The relationship between the resistances (in Ω) and the current (in amps) is what series and parallel rules are really about.

well we didn’t actually learn this yet well I did we have been learning about the circuit of a parallel and series and we haven’t learned this yet but maybe next time.

Without water on earth the world would not exist and water is important because all the living things needs water to water for example animals and plants needs water to survive that they can be hydrated and humans need water to our bodies and skin hydrated and healthy without the water our plants will die and the animals won’t able to survive without water and humans they will be ill and sickness from being dehydrated and your skin can be dried and scaly. In my opinion water is keeping me hydrated, healthy, and feeling good. If I don’t, I get dehydrated, which is why this is important in life. 

Water has a lot of positive things that are good with water. For example you can drink freshwater, you can swim with the water, seawater, freshwater, the water cycle and the creek those are the things that we can use from water and the rain it feeds the plants, it fills, up the water tanks fast and healthy, filling up with the spring water, mountain valley spring water,  and filling up animals water feeding bowls and in my opinion water can be important for the plants and animals that they can survive from water. 

And the important thing is that we have to keep careful with the other water. Because the other can be dangerous for example there is polluted water, ground level ozone that is part of polluted water, dirty water, and the worst things of all time is the floods. Floods are a very dangerous water of all time because it can flood the roads that trap people’s homes and farmers. There, it overflows the plants and grass and it can trap the animals if they make it out and the smell is not good at all. And that is why we keep our positive water away from the negative water and in my opinion is that keep yourself safe the negative water away from us because it can make us ill, sick, sickness, and throwing up and that is why we keep away from the negative water and it’s important that we keep yourself safe. 

and we have been learning this in social studies thanks to Whaea Honey

well have a wonderful day today

Last week 10k and I played a game to gather up some data to make a graph. This game is about soccer, you have to kick the ball 15 times to get some data. The graph has a range of numbers lowest-highest, the first graph the median turned out to be 4, and the second graph we added boxes and whiskers, the results came out and the median was 9.

This is a little math game, basically teaching you the data base of soccer. This is a graph that shows the calculations of how many times the ball has been kicked, this shows that the ball was kicked at least 15 times. I added the whisker boxes and used the median, range and the many others to help me find the data.

Explain how a character was or was not a positive role model for teenagers:

______________________________________________________________

In the novel “Lord Of The Flies” created by Willam Golding, Piggy stands out as the most positive role model for teenagers, while in the novel Piggy shows he’s a snitch but this is probably to his way of thinking about things he knows when things are right or wrong and that’s a great reason why he’s a positive role model and also  he’s a great role model due to him being intelligent, kind, and non violent. Piggy also shows that he is not as tempted to fit in and be a follower to higher social people like Jack, for example when Jack started hunting and made another group Piggy chose to stay loyal to Ralph and be one of his closest companions in time of need.

This is the game my class and I played to gather data to create a graph. In the game you had to kick the ball fifteen times to get the data you need. At the top of each graph there is a range of numbers from lowest-highest. In the first graph the median ended up being four. The second graph I added whisker boxes with different data and the median was nine.

An idea that helped me connect to my world is “we were born in a world of privilege”. In New Zealand we have opportunities and access to resources such as education, which creates opportunities, unlike William he grew up in a small place in Malawi where resources and education were limited. In the time when William was building a windmill for the crops, due to the lack of resources, William had to use his intelligence and perseverance. Therefore we have to be grateful for the things we have. form

Statement: “Explain how an idea in the text helped you connect with your world”

Unpack the question: William Kamkwamba explores the idea that resourcefulness and perseverance can overcome his challenges, a message that mirrors the resilience shown by everyday communities facing economic and climate challenges.

Choose your main idea: Perseverance

If you just keep grinding, you can turn having basically nothing into making crazy cool things that actually help your whole neighborhood.

My overall argument: 

William Kamkwamba’s story shows that if you never give up, you can build life changing things out of literal trash, just like regular people today who are finding smart ways to survive money problems and climate change.

Aspect 1: Persevere through challenges

Evidence: When William got kicked out of school because his family couldn’t pay the fees, he didn’t just sit around or give up on learning. Instead, he went straight to the local library and started teaching himself physics and mechanics out of old textbooks.

What does it reveal about my idea? This shows that true perseverance isn’t just about trying hard when things are normal it’s about finding a completely new path when the front door gets slammed in your face. He took total control of his own future.
The author wants to show us that a lack of money or formal schooling doesn’t mean your mind has to stop growing. They are trying to inspire readers to look for alternative ways to solve their problems instead of waiting for someone else to fix things.

Aspect 2: “Never let anyone doubt you”

Evidence: Building the windmeel

What does it reveal about my idea? This proves that keeping your head down and grinding means tuning out all the background noise and haters. If he had listened to the people doubting him, his whole neighborhood would have missed out on electricity and water.
The author is trying to tell us that big, world-changing ideas usually look stupid to people at first. They want to give us the confidence to trust our own vision, even when the people around us don’t get it yet.

Connect with your world: William Kamkwamba’s story is just like the regular people today who are finding smart, cheap ways to survive climate change and money problems. Instead of waiting for someone else to help

Authors purpose + Bigger message: 

The Author’s Purpose: The author wants to prove that genius and innovation don’t belong to rich people or fancy schools they belong to anyone with grit.
The Ultimate Message: The solutions to the world’s biggest problems (like climate change) start with local, everyday heroes who refuse to quit.

FEEDBACKFORM

Planning:

1.Unpack the questions – An idea in the text that connects to my world is education, we have all the resources for school in New Zealand like buses, books, and much more resources, but William does not have opportunity’s or resources like this he doesn’t have a buses to take him to school, he doesn’t have any resources for school. This makes me realise how lucky we are to have people that care about our education.

NCEA Level 1 English – Essay Planning Feedback Form

1. Understanding the question

Tick the statement that best describes your planning.

2. Writing PEELA paragraphs

PEELA = Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link to the question, Author’s purpose.

3. Punctuation and accuracy

4. My next steps

One thing I did well:

One thing I need to improve:

My writing goal for the next exam practice:

☐ Identify keywords more carefully.

☐ Choose stronger evidence from the text.

☐ Explain my evidence in more detail.

☐ Link my ideas back to the question.

☐ Improve punctuation and sentence structure.

☐ Explain the author’s purpose more clearly.

Question for an NCEA English Exam.

An idea in the text that connects to my world is have no  access to resources such as Education, we all have in New Zealand is  books, pencils, buses to bring us to school. This makes me appreciate all of the different options of Education.  I want the Reader to understand the feelings that william went through during the challenges that he faced daily.

NCEA Level 1 English – Essay Planning Feedback Form

1. Understanding the question

Tick the statement that best describes your planning.

2. Writing PEELA paragraphs

PEELA = Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link to the question, Author’s purpose.

3. Punctuation and accuracy

4. My next steps

One thing I did well:

One thing I need to improve:

My writing goal for the next exam practice:

☐ Identify keywords more carefully.

☐ Choose stronger evidence from the text.

☐ Explain my evidence in more detail.

☐ Link my ideas back to the question.

☐ Improve punctuation and sentence structure.

☐ Explain the author’s purpose more clearly.

I have enjoyed all the sports in varies of ways.

Volleyball was my favourite by far since it´s my dedicated sport. I learnt a lot of things about myself and basically preparing myself for the Junior Boys Volleyball Try Outs. One thing I found challenging is that some people did not have the same value or effort as me but I loved that they will try.

Sexuality was chill and somewhat enjoyable, I have learned a lot of sexualities and the mans/womens anatomy. Other than that I like how we learned about bone structure also. I didn´t really find anything hard like it was that chill and the go with the flow type of thing.

Touch was lame because not everyone was actually wanting to play, it’s a fast game with quick thinking. I loved the drills and the vibes the people who actually played brought to the game. Our numbers were not a lot but I was really happy that we had a chance to play with 10R, and being combined especially

The reason I choose volleyball was because it was genuinely fun and exciting and it was so much funner than every other sports honestly if I was to pick the best sport it would be volleyball 100%.

Last term our class was assigned to play volleyball. During the three weeks of us playing we all learnt many things, we learnt how to block, spike, serve , and set. While we were playing volleyball we learnt many exercises like leg raised, high knees, and team work. To be honest if I had to pick the funnest thing I did while playing volleyball it would be the spiking, I just loved the jumping and the adrenaline that pumps through after you hit the ball is amazing, so that’s what we did for term 3 Vball. Honestly I wouldn’t want to play any modified games I would just want to play normal volleyball.

For HPE in term 3 I had to walk laps because I did not bring my gear.

I had a great time walking and it was really good looking at the view of the hills and the trees and the birds and the wood pieces and the grass and if you focus on something outside the gate like the soccer goal then the fence doesn’t feel real, it feels trippy like super dupper pupper trippy and I mean it you know when you say something and you mean it yeah well I mean it, like no it actually is trippy.